1. What is aphasia:

Aphasia is caused by brain damage, such as stroke, head injury, brain tumor, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. It can result in partial loss of language abilities, including impaired auditory comprehension, speech expression, reading comprehension, and writing.

2. Manifestations of aphasia:

Aphasia can generally be divided into receptive and expressive aphasia. Patients with receptive aphasia have difficulty with comprehension, while they may be able to speak fluently, they often have phonemic errors or incorrect word usage. Expressive aphasia patients typically have better comprehension ability than expressive ability, but they often cannot use complete sentences to communicate and have difficulty finding words. Severe cases may combine both receptive and expressive difficulties, meaning that they have both comprehension and expression difficulties. It is also possible for some cases to have no speech or sound, but use nodding as a response, even though they may not understand the content of the conversation.

3. Factors affecting the prognosis of aphasia:

• Etiology: If aphasia is caused by traumatic brain injury, it has a better recovery rate than that caused by cerebrovascular accidents. However, factors such as younger age with traumatic brain injury should also be considered. Hemorrhagic stroke-induced aphasia has a better prognosis than ischemic stroke-induced aphasia.
• Range of damage: The severity of aphasia is related to the extent of brain damage. The larger the range of damage, the worse the patient's prognosis.
• Time since onset: It is also a factor affecting the prognosis. The fastest period of spontaneous recovery for patients is within six months after onset, with the fastest recovery occurring within the first six weeks.
• Age: The older the patient, the less favorable the prognosis for aphasia. Older patients are often accompanied by other diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, which affect the brain's function and, consequently, the prognosis of rehabilitation.

4. Precautions:

• Early and continuous treatment can help patients recover better language abilities as soon as possible.
• Provide patients with encouragement and avoid using blaming words and tone.
• Provide patients with various language stimuli, including auditory and visual stimuli.
• Do not interrupt the patient's speech and give them sufficient time to speak.
• Use open-ended questions when talking with patients, instead of only using "yes/no" questions.
• Use items or pictures that patients are interested in as interventions.
• If patients do not have hearing problems, speaking to them in a normal volume is sufficient, without the need to increase the volume.
• When talking to patients, try to be brief and use... (the rest of the text is missing)